The Lutherans said it was only an agreement that would last for a short time. Both of them said it meant different things. But it did not fix the real reason that the Lutherans and Catholics were fighting. The Peace made the violence end for a bit.
People that lived in a state that had chosen Lutheranism or Catholicism were not allowed to change their religion.The bishops of the Catholic Church that switched to Lutheranism had to give their land back (the principle called reservatum ecclesiasticum).Lutherans could keep the land that they had taken from the Catholic Church after the Peace of Passau ( 1552).Lutherans that lived in a state under the control of a bishop, called an ecclesiastical state, could stay Lutherans.German Princes (there were 225 princes) could choose the religion (whether they were Lutheran or Catholic) in their states (this was called cuius regio eius religio).He encouraged the Council of Trent to allow Communion in Both kinds for German and Bohemian Catholics.įirst, the Peace of Augsburg ( 1555), which was signed quickly by Charles V, stopped the fighting between the Lutherans and the Catholics in Germany. There were several reasons that the Thirty Years' War started.įerdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia. The war ended with the Treaty of Westphalia. The war lasted for 30 years, but the problems that caused the war were not fixed for a long time after the war was over. The Thirty Years' War caused things like famine and disease in almost every country involved. This made the France- Habsburg rivalry even worse. One of the examples of this is that Catholic France fought for the Protestants. As the war continued, the Habsburg dynasty (a Catholic family) and other organizations used the war to try and get more power. It began as a fight about religion - the Protestants and Catholics were the two groups that disagreed. In fact, almost all of the powerful countries in Europe were involved in the war. Though it was primarily centered in Germany, several other countries became involved in the conflict, including France, Spain, and Sweden. Read how each side made use of observation balloons during wartime, principally on the Western Front, as a means of spying on the opposing enemies lines, and of the often short lifespan of those servicemen who were courageous enough to occupy them.The Thirty Years' War was fought from 1618 until 1648.
Read how Adolf Hitler's experience in the German infantry during the Great War helped shape his subsequent character, from initial eager enlistment in the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment to bitter anger and frustration following German defeat in 1918. Read a collection of telegrams exchanged between German Kaiser Wilhelm II and Russian Tsar Nicholas II in the four days leading up to war, from 29 July to 1 August 1914, in which each seeks to persuade the other to cede their diplomatic position. Monarchs, crown princes and other assorted royalty who ruled Europe during World War One, including Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany,īritish King George V and Emperor Franz Josef of Austria-Hungary.
EUROPEAN WAR 5 WIKI SERIES
Read a single page summary of the origins of the First World War - the tangled secret alliances, the royal feuds, the personalities and the seemingly inevitable series of events in June and July 1914 which culminated in the oubreak of hostilities spanning four years.Īssassin's Target: Archduke Franz Ferdinandīrowse a collection of some 200 contemporary photographs of the
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